Collection of Exogenous Variables¶

In our approach exogenous assumptions are reduced by defining a technology-open model structure that does not only consider processes that are generally expected to prevail on the market under current assumptions on future developments but defines multiple parallel technologies that can also highly depend on the interactions between sectors. However, the optimization problem still needs various exogenous parameters that should be consistent across different sectors. Therefore, these exogenous values that can be related to each other are collected in the list below. To be consistent we try to use the "Projection report" from the German Umweltbundesamt for as many assumptions as possible.

General developments¶

Macroeconomic development (gdp, gdp per capita)
Demographic development (population, households, person per household)
Development of living and usable space
Development of passenger & freight transport performance
Development of primary energy prices

Exogenous demand¶

Households & tertiary sector: space heating, hot water, electricity
Industry: production volumes, gross value added
Transport: passenger-kilometers, tonne-kilometers

Political framework¶

Renewable energy target
Emission targets (Without land use, land-use change, and forestry)
GHG equivalence factors

Technological values¶

Installed capacities on first milestone year (brownfield)
Decomissioning of installed capacities by lifetime
Expansion limits per milestone year
Efficiencies
Energy-to-power ratios for storage systems
Emission values
Area potentials: Assumptions for allocation to technologies with conflicting objectives (e.g. biomass resources)

Economic values¶

Investment costs
Fixed costs
Variable costs
Weighted average costs of capital (harmonized across all sectors)

Key Resources¶

Annual potential
Hourly potential
Resource costs

Import / Export¶

Commodity prices of neighbouring countries
Cost-potential ratios for imports of PtG and PtL products
Simplified European electricity system model